September 17, 2021
Reassessing Counter Terrorism Financing in a Taliban-Controlled Afghanistan
The Taliban’s rapid takeover of Afghanistan set back decades-long efforts to integrate Afghanistan into the international community. Nowhere is this more apparent than on anti-money laundering and countering-the-financing-of-terrorism (AML/CFT) reforms, a policy area in which Afghanistan made substantial progress over the past several years to raise compliance standards and crack down on major vulnerabilities in its economy, particularly the under-regulated hawala money transfer system.
Now, the Taliban, a group sanctioned by the United Nations, the United States, and other international partners, oversees Afghanistan’s enforcement of AML/CFT and economic sanctions. The Taliban is unlikely to meaningfully enforce United Nations sanctions against itself or crackdown against the hawala industry in the same way as the previous government. As a former senior Treasury Department official recently noted, “I can’t think of any case in which a terrorist group that’s already designated became the power in charge of a full country.”
The Taliban’s rapid takeover of Afghanistan set back decades-long efforts to integrate Afghanistan into the international community.
Particularly after the Islamic State-Khorasan’s (ISIS-K) tragic and brazen attack at the Kabul airport that killed 13 U.S. military personnel along with over 160 Afghan civilians, the Taliban must be held responsible for allowing terrorist groups to operate in Afghanistan. Addressing AML/CFT risks presents one concrete way for the international community to measure the Taliban’s actions rather than its rhetoric in addressing terrorism and terrorism financing.
Understanding Afghanistan’s post-9/11 economic history allows policymakers to better address the current crisis.
After decades of conflict and the Taliban’s prior five-year rule (1996-2001), Afghanistan’s formal financial system was “virtually non-existent,” according to a 2003 World Bank study. Instead, it relied (and still relies) heavily on hawala, a centuries-old informal money exchange system that provides for both domestic and international transfers. According to The Economist, “regulators around the world hate the system, because of its opacity and its role in helping to fund terrorism.”
Read the full article from Just Security.
More from CNAS
-
Hit It with Your Best Shot
Reports
Executive Summary America needs an economic pressure doctrine. The country is using economic pressure in more novel ways and at greater scale than any other time in the postwa...
By Emily Kilcrease
-
CNAS Insights | A Year After Liberation Day, Can Trump’s Trade Wars Be Salvaged?
Commentary
As the trade wars have played out over the last year, the Trump administration has fumbled its opportunity....
By Emily Kilcrease & Geoffrey Gertz
-
Why Is There No Trade Jail? With Ambassador María Pagán.
Podcast
María Pagán joins Emily and Geoff for a wide-ranging discussion on the past, present, and future of U.S. trade law and policy. They assess what’s working (and what’s not) at t...
By Emily Kilcrease & Geoffrey Gertz
-
Video
Middle East Security / Energy, Economics & Security
Oil Prices Continue to Underprice OutageAs the Iran war continues into its 4th week, the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz has heightened pressure on the US and major energy importers. Iran has threatened to...
By Rachel Ziemba
